S.Aishwariya ta tattauna batun tsalle-tsalle na masakun fasaha, sabbin sabbin abubuwa da kuma fadada damar kasuwancin su a fagen kera da tufafi.
Tafiya Na Yadudduka Fiber
1. Zaɓuɓɓukan yadi na ƙarni na farko sune waɗanda aka samo su kai tsaye daga yanayin kuma wannan zamanin ya ɗauki shekaru 4,000.Ƙarni na biyu ya ƙunshi zaruruwa da ɗan adam ya yi kamar nailan da polyester, wanda ya kasance sakamakon ƙoƙarin da masana kimiyya suka yi a 1950, don ƙirƙirar da kayan da suka yi kama da filaye na halitta.Ƙarni na uku sun haɗa da zaruruwa daga albarkatun ƙasa da ba a yi amfani da su ba don biyan bukatun al'ummar da ke ci gaba da girma.Waɗannan ba maɗaukaki ba ne kawai ko ƙari ga filaye na halitta da ke akwai, amma an yi imanin suna da halaye iri-iri waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa a fannoni daban-daban na aikace-aikacen.Sakamakon sauye-sauye a masana'antar yadi, sashin fasaha na fasaha yana haɓaka a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa tare da aikace-aikace a fannoni daban-daban.
2. A lokacin shekarun masana'antu daga 1775 zuwa 1850, hakar fiber na halitta da samarwa ya kasance a kololuwa.Tsakanin 1870 zuwa 1980 ya nuna alamar binciken fiber na roba a ƙarshen wanda aka ƙirƙira kalmar 'tushen fasaha'.Bayan shekaru goma, ƙarin sabbin abubuwa, gami da sassauƙan kayan aiki, sifofi masu nauyi masu nauyi, gyare-gyaren 3D, sun samo asali a fagen sakan wayo.Karni na ashirin shine lokacin da bayanai ke nuna shekarun da suka dace da sararin samaniya, mutum-mutumi, yadudduka masu wanke-wanke, panel electroluminescence, kameleonic yadi, tufafin lura da jiki suna samun nasara ta kasuwanci.
3. Polymers na roba suna da babbar dama da ayyuka masu yawa waɗanda zasu iya fin filaye na halitta.Misali, bio-polymers da aka samu daga masara an yi amfani da su sosai wajen ƙirƙirar filaye masu fasaha tare da babban aiki tare da aikace-aikace a cikin diapers masu iya lalacewa da kuma gogewa.Irin waɗannan fasahohin da suka ci gaba sun ba da yuwuwar zaruruwa da ke narkewa a cikin ruwa, ta yadda za su rage zubar da cikin bututun tsaftar muhalli.An ƙera pad ɗin takin ta yadda waɗanda ke da 100 bisa 100 na kayan halitta masu lalata halittu a cikinsu.Wadannan binciken tabbas sun inganta rayuwar rayuwa.
Binciken Yanzu
Kayan yadin na al'ada ana saƙa ko saƙa waɗanda amfaninsu ya dogara ne akan sakamakon gwaji.Sabanin haka, ana haɓaka kayan masarufi na fasaha bisa aikace-aikacen masu amfani.Aikace-aikacen su sun haɗa da rigar sararin samaniya, koda da zuciya na wucin gadi, tufafin maganin kwari ga manoma, gina hanya, jakunkuna don hana cin 'ya'yan itace da tsuntsaye da kuma kayan aikin da za su iya hana ruwa.
Daban-daban na kayan fasaha na fasaha sun haɗa da tufafi, marufi, wasanni da nishaɗi, sufuri, likita da tsabta, masana'antu, ganuwa, oeko-textiles, gida, aminci da kariya, gine-gine da gine-gine, geo-textiles da agro-textiles.
Kwatanta yanayin amfani da sauran ƙasashen duniya, Indiya tana da kashi 35 cikin ɗari a cikin kayan masarufi don aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen a cikin tufafi da takalma (fasaha), kashi 21 cikin ɗari a cikin kayan masarufi don aikace-aikacen fakitin (packtech), da 8% a cikin wasanni. textiles (sportechs).Sauran sun kai kashi 36 cikin dari.Amma a duniya babban bangaren da ke kan gaba shine kayan masaku da ake amfani da su wajen kera motoci, layin dogo, jiragen ruwa, jiragen sama da jiragen sama (mobiletech), wanda ya kai kashi 25 cikin 100 na kasuwannin fasahar kere-kere, sai kuma masakun masana'antu (indutech) a kashi 16 cikin 100 da sportech. a kashi 15 cikin 100, tare da duk sauran filayen da suka ƙunshi kashi 44 cikin ɗari.Kayayyakin da za su iya haɓaka masana'antar sun haɗa da bel ɗin kujera, diapers da abubuwan da za a iya zubarwa, geotextiles, yadudduka na kashe wuta, kayan kariya na ballistic, masu tacewa, waɗanda ba saƙa, tarawa da sigina.
Babban ƙarfin Indiya shine babbar hanyar sadarwar albarkatu da kasuwa mai ƙarfi na cikin gida.Masana'antar masaka ta Indiya ta farka da babbar fa'idar fasahar kere-kere da bangaranci.Ƙarfin tallafin gwamnati ta hanyar manufofi, gabatar da dokoki masu dacewa da haɓaka gwaje-gwaje masu dacewa da ƙa'idodi na iya yin tasiri mai kyau ga ci gaban wannan masana'antu.Babban buƙatun sa'a shine na ƙarin ƙwararrun ma'aikata.Ya kamata a sami ƙarin tsare-tsare don horar da ma'aikata da kuma fara cibiyoyin shiryawa don gwaje-gwajen lab-zuwa ƙasa.
Gagarumin gudunmawar da ƙungiyoyin bincike suka bayar a ƙasar abin yabawa ne sosai.Sun hada da Ahmedabad Textile Industry Research Association (ATIRA), Bombay Textile Research Association (BTRA), South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Northern India Textile Research Association (NITRA), Wool Research Association (WRA), da Synthetic & Art Silk Mills' Research Association (SASMIRA) da Ƙungiyar Binciken Yaduwar Mutum (MANTRA).Haɗaɗɗen wuraren shakatawa 33, waɗanda suka haɗa da biyar a Tamil Nadu, huɗu a Andhra Pradesh, biyar a Karnataka, shida a Maharashtra, shida a Gujarat, biyu a Rajasthan, ɗayan kuma a Uttar Pradesh da West Bengal, yakamata suyi aiki tare don kawowa. dukan sarkar samar a ƙarƙashin rufin daya.4,5
Geo-Textiles
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su don rufe ƙasa ko ƙasa an rarraba su azaman geotextiles.A yau ana amfani da irin waɗannan masaku don gina gidaje, gadoji, madatsun ruwa da abubuwan tarihi waɗanda ke ƙara musu rayuwa.[6]
Kayayyakin sanyi
Kayan fasaha na fasaha da Adidas ya haɓaka suna taimakawa wajen kiyaye yanayin jiki na al'ada a 37 digiri C. Misalai sune alamomi kamar Clima 365, Climaproof, Climalite waɗanda ke yin wannan dalili.Elextex ya ƙunshi lamination na yadudduka biyar na gudanarwa da insulating yadin da ke samar da duk wani firikwensin taɓa masana'anta (1 cm2 ko 1 mm2).Ofishin ma'auni na Indiya (BIS) ne ya tabbatar da shi kuma ana iya dinka shi, ninkewa da wanke shi.Waɗannan suna da babbar fa'ida a cikin kayan sakawa na wasanni.
Biomimetics
Biomimetics shine ƙirar sabbin kayan fiber, tsarin ko injina ta hanyar nazarin tsarin rayuwa, don koyo daga manyan hanyoyin aikinsu da kuma amfani da waɗanda ke ƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙirar kayan aiki.Misali, kwaikwayon yadda ganyen magarya ke nuna hali da ɗigon ruwa;saman yana da ƙanƙan da kai kuma an rufe shi da wani shafi na kakin zuma kamar abu mai ƙananan tashin hankali.
Lokacin da ruwa ya faɗo a saman ganyen, iskar da ta kama ta tana yin iyaka da ruwa.Matsakaicin lamba na ruwa yana da girma saboda kakin zuma kamar abu.Duk da haka, wasu dalilai kamar rubutun ƙasa kuma suna shafar abin da ya hana.Ma'auni don kawar da ruwa shine cewa kusurwar juyawa ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da digiri 10.Ana ɗaukar wannan ra'ayin kuma an sake yin shi azaman masana'anta.Abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su na iya rage ƙoƙari a wasanni kamar yin iyo.
Vivometrics
Kayan lantarki da aka haɗa cikin kayan yadi na iya karanta yanayin jiki kamar bugun zuciya, hawan jini, adadin kuzari da kuka ƙone, lokacin cinya, matakan da aka ɗauka da matakan oxygen.Wannan shine ra'ayin bayan Vivometrics, wanda kuma ake kira kayan sa ido na jiki (BMG).Zai iya ceton rayuwar sabon haihuwa ko na ɗan wasa.
Alamar Rayuwa ta mamaye kasuwa tare da ingantaccen rigar sa ido na jiki.Yana aiki kamar motar asibiti mai yadi a cikin nazari da canji don taimako.Ana tattara bayanai da yawa na cututtukan zuciya da huhu dangane da aikin zuciya, matsayi, bayanan aiki tare da hawan jini, oxygen da matakan carbon dioxide, zafin jiki da motsi.Yana aiki azaman babbar ƙima a fagen wasanni da kayan aikin likitanci.
Kamoflage Textiles
Ana lura da yanayin canjin launi na hawainiya kuma ana sake ƙirƙira shi a cikin kayan yadi.An gabatar da masakuran kame-kame da ke hulɗar ɓoye abubuwa da mutane ta hanyar kwaikwayon kewaye a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.Wannan dabara tana amfani da zaruruwa waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen haɗawa da bango, wani abu da zai iya nuna bango kamar madubi kuma yana da ƙarfi kamar carbon.
Ana amfani da waɗannan zaruruwa tare da auduga da polyester don ƙirƙirar yadudduka.Da farko alamu biyu ne kawai masu nuna launi da tsari an tsara su don kama da yanayin dajin mai kauri mai launin kore da launin ruwan kasa.Amma yanzu, an tsara bambance-bambancen bakwai tare da mafi kyawun ayyuka da yaudara.Ya haɗa da tazara, motsi, saman, siffa, haske, silhouette da inuwa.Ma'auni suna da mahimmanci wajen hange mutum daga nesa mai nisa.Kimanta kayan yadudduka na kama yana da wahala saboda ya bambanta da hasken rana, zafi da yanayi.Don haka ana amfani da masu makanta launi don gano kamannin gani.Ana ɗaukar nazarin batutuwa, ƙididdige ƙididdigewa da taimako na kayan lantarki don gwada kayan.
Tukuran Don Isar da Magunguna
Ci gaba a masana'antar kiwon lafiya a yanzu sun haɗu da yadudduka da magunguna.
Ana iya amfani da kayan masaƙar don haɓaka tasirin magunguna ta hanyar samar da hanyar sarrafa sakin magunguna a cikin wani ɗan lokaci mai ɗorewa da kuma isar da babban adadin magunguna zuwa kyallen da aka yi niyya ba tare da lahani mai tsanani ba.Misali, Ortho Evra transdermal patch na mata yana da tsayin cm 20, ya ƙunshi yadudduka uku kuma Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka ta amince da ita.
Amfani da Gas ko Plasma Don Kammala Yaduwar
Yanayin ya fara ne a cikin 1960, lokacin da aka yi amfani da plasma don canza masana'anta.Wani lokaci ne na kwayoyin halitta wanda ya bambanta da daskararru, ruwa da gas kuma ba shi da tsaka tsaki ta hanyar lantarki.Waɗannan su ne ionised gas da aka yi da electrons, ions da tsaka tsaki.Plasma wani bangare ne mai ionised gas da aka samar ta nau'ikan tsaka tsaki kamar su atom masu ɗorewa, radicals na kyauta, barbashi na tsayayyen meta da nau'in caji (electrons da ions).Akwai nau'ikan plasma guda biyu: tushen vacuum da matsa lamba na yanayi.Fuskar masana'anta ana yin amfani da bam ɗin lantarki, wanda aka haifar a cikin filin lantarki na plasma.Electrons sun buga saman tare da rarraba ƙarfi da sauri kuma wannan yana haifar da zaman sarkar a cikin saman saman saman yadi, ƙirƙirar haɗin giciye ta haka yana ƙarfafa kayan.
Maganin Plasma yana haifar da etching ko tsaftacewa a saman masana'anta.Ƙaƙwalwar ƙura yana ƙara yawan adadin sararin samaniya wanda ke haifar da mafi kyawun mannewa na sutura.Plasma yana rinjayar manufa kuma yana da takamaiman yanayi.Ana iya amfani da shi a cikin yadudduka na siliki wanda ba ya haifar da wani canji a cikin abubuwan da aka sa a gaba.Aramids kamar Kevlar, waɗanda ke rasa ƙarfi lokacin da ake jika, ana iya samun nasarar magance su da plasma fiye da hanyoyin al'ada.Hakanan mutum na iya ba da dukiya daban-daban ga kowane gefen masana'anta.Daya gefen iya zama hydrophobic da sauran hydrophilic.Maganin Plasma yana aiki don nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan roba da na halitta tare da nasara ta musamman a cikin hana ƙin ji da juriya ga ulu.
Sabanin sarrafa sinadarai na gargajiya wanda ke buƙatar matakai da yawa don amfani da ƙare daban-daban, plasma yana ba da damar aikace-aikacen gamawa da yawa a cikin mataki ɗaya kuma a cikin ci gaba da aiki.Woolmark ya ƙirƙira fasahar tsinkaye na hankali (SPT) wanda ke ƙara wari ga yadudduka.Kamfanin na Amurka NanoHorizons'SmartSilver babban fasaha ne wajen samar da kariya ga wari da kariyar ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa filaye na halitta da na roba da yadudduka.Ana kwantar da marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon zuciya a Yamma a cikin tanti mai kumburi yayin aiki don rage haɗarin bugun jini ta hanyar rage zafin jiki.An samar da sabon bandeji na halitta ta amfani da furotin fibrinogen na plasma.Tun da an yi shi daga gudan jinin ɗan adam, ba a buƙatar cire bandeji ba.Yana narkewa a cikin fata yayin aikin waraka.15
Fasahar Hasashen Hankali (SPT)
Wannan fasaha tana ɗaukar ƙamshi, jigo da sauran tasiri a cikin ƙananan capsules waɗanda aka liƙa akan yadudduka.Waɗannan ƙananan capsules ƙananan kwantena ne tare da murfin polymer mai karewa ko harsashi na melamine wanda ke kiyaye abubuwan da ke ciki daga evaporation, oxidation da gurɓatawa.Lokacin da ake amfani da waɗannan yadudduka, wasu daga cikin waɗannan capsules suna buɗewa, suna sakin abubuwan da ke ciki.
Microencapsulation
Tsari ne mai sauƙi wanda ya ƙunshi ruwa mai ƙyalli ko ƙaƙƙarfan abubuwa a cikin rufaffiyar ƙananan sassa (0.5-2,000 microns).Wadannan microcapsules a hankali suna sakin wakilai masu aiki ta hanyar shafa mai sauƙi wanda ke rushe membrane.Ana amfani da waɗannan a cikin kayan wanke-wanke, lotions, rini, masu taushi masana'anta da masu hana wuta.
Kayan Wutar Lantarki
Kayan lantarki masu sawa kamar wannan jaket na ICD daga Philips da Levi's, tare da ginannen wayar salula da na'urar MP3, suna aiki akan batura.Tufafin da aka saka tare da fasaha ba sabon abu bane, amma ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin masaku masu wayo yana sa su zama masu yuwuwa, kyawawa da amfani a aikace.Ana dinka wayoyi a cikin masana'anta don haɗa na'urorin zuwa na'ura mai nisa kuma an saka makirufo a cikin abin wuya.Wasu masana'antun da yawa daga baya sun fito da yadudduka masu hankali waɗanda ke ɓoye duk wayoyi.
Rigar nesa mai nisa ta kasance wani sabon salo mai ban sha'awa.Wannan ra'ayi na e-textile yana aiki ta hanyar da lokacin da mutum ya rungumi kansu t-shirt yana haskakawa.An yi masa alama a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ƙirƙira masu ban sha'awa a cikin 2006. Yana ba mai sawa jin daɗin runguma.
Lokacin da aka aika runguma azaman saƙo ko ta hanyar bluetooth, na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna amsawa da shi ta hanyar ƙirƙirar zafi, bugun zuciya, matsa lamba, lokacin rungumar mutum ta zahiri.Ita ma wannan rigar ana iya wankewa wanda hakan ya sa ya fi jin tsoron yin watsi da shi.Wani sabon ƙirƙira, Elextex ya ƙunshi lamination na yadudduka biyar na gudanarwa da insulating yadi waɗanda ke samar da duk wani firikwensin taɓawa (1 cm2 ko 1 mm2).Ana iya dinka shi da ninkewa da wanke shi.19-24 Duk waɗannan suna taimaka mana mu fahimci yadda ake haɗa kayan lantarki da yadi don inganta rayuwa.
Ma'aikatan XiangYu Garment ba su gyara wannan labarin ba an buga shi daga https://www.technicaltextile.net/articles/tech-textile-innovations-8356
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-11-2022