Tun daga karshen watan Oktoba, an shafe kwanaki a jere ana zanga-zangar da ma'aikata a masana'antar masaku ke neman karin albashi mai tsoka a babban birnin kasar da kuma yankunan masana'antu na Bangladesh.Wannan yanayin ya kuma haifar da tattaunawa game da dogon lokaci da masana'antar tufafi ke dogaro kan aiki mai arha.
Tarihin gaba daya lamarin shi ne, a matsayinta na kasa ta biyu wajen fitar da masaku a duniya bayan kasar Sin, Bangladesh tana da masana'antun tufafi kusan 3500 kuma tana daukar ma'aikata kusan miliyan hudu.Domin biyan buƙatun sanannun masana'anta a faɗin duniya, ma'aikatan masaku galibi suna buƙatar yin aiki akan kari, amma mafi ƙarancin albashin da za su iya samu shine 8300 Bangladesh Taka kawai a kowane wata, wanda ya kai kusan RMB 550 ko dalar Amurka 75.
Akalla masana'antu 300 ne aka rufe
Dangane da ci gaban hauhawar farashin kayayyaki na kusan kashi 10% a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, ma'aikatan masaku a Bangladesh suna tattaunawa kan sabbin ka'idojin mafi karancin albashi tare da kungiyoyin masu kasuwanci na masana'antar masaku.Bukatar ta baya-bayan nan daga ma’aikata ita ce kusan ninka mafi karancin albashin ma’aikata zuwa 20390 Taka, amma masu kasuwanci sun ba da shawarar karin kashi 25% zuwa 10400 Taka, lamarin da ya kara tabarbarewa.
Rundunar ‘yan sandan ta bayyana cewa akalla masana’antu 300 ne aka rufe yayin zanga-zangar da aka kwashe mako guda ana yi.Ya zuwa yanzu dai zanga-zangar ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar ma'aikata biyu tare da jikkata wasu da dama.
Wani shugaban kungiyar ma'aikatan tufafi ya bayyana a ranar Juma'ar da ta gabata cewa, Levi's da H&M sune manyan samfuran tufafi na duniya da suka fuskanci dakatarwar samarwa a Bangladesh.
Ma’aikata da suka yajin aiki sun wawashe ma’aikata da dama, sannan wasu daruruwa kuma masu gidajen sun rufe domin kaucewa barna da gangan.Kalpona Akter, Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Tufafi da Ma'aikatan Masana'antu ta Bangladesh (BGIWF), ya shaida wa Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na France Presse cewa masana'antun da aka dakatar sun hada da "manyan masana'antu da yawa a cikin kasar wadanda ke samar da tufafi ga kusan dukkanin manyan masana'antun yammacin Turai da dillalai".
Ta kara da cewa: "Kamfanonin sun hada da Gap, Wal Mart, H&M, Zara, Inditex, Bestseller, Levi's, Marks da Spencer, Primary da Aldi."
Wani mai magana da yawun Primark ya bayyana cewa dillalin kayan sawa na Dublin na sauri "bai fuskanci wani cikas ga sarkar samar da mu ba".
Kakakin ya kara da cewa, "Har yanzu muna kan hulda da masu samar da kayayyaki, wadanda wasu daga cikinsu sun rufe masana'antunsu na wani dan lokaci a wannan lokacin."Masu masana'antun da suka sami lalacewa yayin wannan taron ba sa son bayyana sunayen samfuran da suka yi aiki tare, suna tsoron rasa odar masu saye.
Babban bambance-bambance tsakanin aiki da gudanarwa
Dangane da yanayin da ke kara ta'azzara, Faruque Hassan, shugaban kungiyar masana'antun masana'antu da masu fitar da kayayyaki ta Bangladesh (BGMEA), shi ma ya koka da halin da masana'antar ke ciki: goyon bayan bukatar irin wannan gagarumin karin albashi ga ma'aikatan Bangladesh yana nufin cewa samfuran tufafi na yammacin Turai suna buƙatar. ƙara farashin odar su.Ko da yake waɗannan samfuran suna fitowa fili suna da'awar tallafawa ƙarin albashin ma'aikata, a zahiri, suna barazanar canja wurin oda zuwa wasu ƙasashe idan farashin ya tashi.
A karshen watan Satumban wannan shekara, Hassan ya rubuta wa kungiyar ta Amurka Tufafi da Takalmi, yana fatan za su zo su shawo kan manyan kamfanoni su kara farashin odar tufafi.Ya rubuta a cikin wasikar, “Wannan yana da matukar muhimmanci ga sauyi cikin sauki zuwa sabbin ka’idojin albashi.Masana'antu na Bangladesh suna fuskantar yanayin rashin ƙarfi na buƙatun duniya kuma suna cikin mafarkai kamar 'yanayin'
A halin yanzu, Hukumar Kula da Mafi Karancin Albashi ta Bangladesh tana haɗin gwiwa tare da duk bangarorin da abin ya shafa, kuma ana ɗaukar kwatancin daga masu 'yan kasuwa a matsayin "mai tasiri" a wurin gwamnati.Amma masu masana'anta kuma suna jayayya cewa idan mafi ƙarancin albashin ma'aikata ya wuce Taka 20000, Bangladesh za ta rasa fa'idar gasa.
A matsayin tsarin kasuwanci na masana'antar "sauri mai sauri", manyan kamfanoni suna gasa don samarwa masu amfani da tushe mai ƙarancin farashi, tushen ƙarancin kuɗin shiga na ma'aikata a ƙasashen Asiya masu fitarwa.Kamfanoni za su matsa wa masana'antu don bayar da farashi mai sauƙi, wanda a ƙarshe zai bayyana a cikin albashin ma'aikata.A matsayin daya daga cikin manyan kasashen da ke fitar da masaku zuwa kasashen waje, Bangladesh, wacce ke da mafi karancin albashi ga ma'aikata, na fuskantar barkewar rikici.
Ta yaya ƙattai na Yamma suka mayar da martani?
Dangane da bukatun ma'aikatan masaku na Bangladesh, wasu sanannun samfuran suma sun ba da martani a hukumance.
Wani mai magana da yawun H&M ya bayyana cewa kamfanin na goyon bayan bullo da sabon mafi karancin albashin ma’aikata da iyalansu.Kakakin ya ki yin tsokaci kan ko H&M zai kara farashin oda don tallafawa karin albashi, amma ya yi nuni da cewa kamfanin yana da hanyar sayan kayayyaki da ke ba da damar masana'antar sarrafa kayayyaki su kara farashin don nuna karin albashi.
Mai magana da yawun kamfanin iyayen na Zara Inditex ya bayyana cewa a kwanakin baya ne kamfanin ya fitar da sanarwar jama’a inda ya yi alkawarin tallafa wa ma’aikatan da ke samar da kayayyaki wajen biyan albashin rayuwarsu.
Dangane da takaddun da H&M ya bayar, akwai kusan ma'aikatan Bangladesh 600000 a cikin dukkan sassan samar da H&M a cikin 2022, tare da matsakaicin albashi na kowane wata $ 134, sama da mafi ƙarancin ma'auni a Bangladesh.Koyaya, idan aka kwatanta a kwance, ma'aikatan Kambodiya a cikin sarkar samar da kayayyaki na H&M na iya samun matsakaicin $293 a wata.Ta fuskar GDP na kowane mutum, Bangladesh ta fi Cambodia girma sosai.
Bugu da kari, albashin H&M ga ma’aikatan Indiya ya kai kashi 10% sama da na ma’aikatan Bangladesh, amma H&M kuma yana sayen kaya da yawa daga Bangladesh fiye da na Indiya da Cambodia.
Alamar takalma da suturar Jamus Puma ita ma ta ambata a cikin rahotonta na shekara ta 2022 cewa albashin da ake biyan ma'aikatan Bangladesh ya zarce mafi ƙarancin ma'auni, amma wannan adadin shine kawai 70% na "ma'aunin albashi na gida" wanda ƙungiyoyi na uku suka ayyana. ma'auni inda albashi ya isa don samarwa ma'aikata kyakkyawan yanayin rayuwa ga kansu da iyalansu).Ma'aikatan da ke aiki a Puma a Cambodia da Vietnam suna samun kudin shiga wanda ya dace da ma'aunin albashin gida.
Puma ya kuma bayyana a cikin wata sanarwa cewa yana da matukar muhimmanci a hada kai wajen magance matsalar albashi, saboda ba za a iya magance wannan kalubale da alama ko daya ba.Puma ya kuma bayyana cewa yawancin manyan masu samar da kayayyaki a Bangladesh suna da manufofi don tabbatar da cewa kudaden shiga na ma'aikata ya dace da bukatun gida, amma har yanzu kamfanin yana da "abubuwa da yawa da ya kamata a kula da su" don fassara manufofinsa zuwa wani mataki na gaba.
Masana'antar tufafi ta Bangladesh tana da “baƙin tarihi” a cikin tsarin ci gabanta.Wanda aka fi sani da shi shine rugujewar wani gini a gundumar Sava a shekarar 2013, inda masana'antun tufafi da dama suka ci gaba da neman ma'aikata da su yi aiki bayan da gwamnati ta yi gargadin "fashewar ginin" tare da shaida musu cewa babu wata matsala ta tsaro. .Wannan lamarin a ƙarshe ya haifar da mutuwar mutane 1134 kuma ya sa kamfanoni na duniya su mai da hankali kan inganta yanayin aikin gida yayin da suke jin daɗin farashi mai sauƙi.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-15-2023